由于英语的思维模式是直线式,在表达上遵循从一般到具体,从整体到个体,从中心思想到例证演绎说明的原则,因此英语文章往往开门见山,在开头点明主题,吸引读者,即首先用熟悉的事实、观点、名言、引言等开头,然后直接表明文章的主旨,即使是记叙文亦不例外。例如,A Letter to a Schoolmate (2001.6 CET-4 & CET-6)一文的开头段:
I'm delighted to learn that you are going to visit me during the weeklong vacation. My parents will also be happy to see you again, and I'm sure you will enjoy every minute here.
本文开头,作者并没有按照汉语习惯寒暄问候,再切入正题,而是直接表达了自己及父母对同学来访的欢迎,语言简练,目的明确。
而汉语文章则大多数将中心思想放在文章结尾,开头段作者并不明确表明主题,随着文章的深入,事实的积累,条分缕析,到结尾段作者才点明主题。思维方式属于归纳式,在表达上习惯于先分后总,从部分到整体,从原因到结果,或者按照事件的时间顺序从先到后,发展文章段落。这种思维方式与行文习惯对中国学生写英语文章产生了严重的干扰,其直接影响是:许多同学的英语作文,在开头不能点明主题,在外面绕圈子,浪费了大量的笔墨与文字,却让人不得要领,不知所云。这是中国学生应该避免的问题。例如下段:
First of all, I want to introduce myself to you. I'm an English Major student. I'm in Class six, Grade two. I had something to tell you. It's about our student's dinning condition. I really disappointed with the canteen's dinning.
在这一段中,作者先用四句话绕圈子,然后才触及主题 the canteen。我们将原文与改后的下文比较,可以看出它们的优劣:
I am an English sophomore in Class 0306.I write to report to you some disappointing problems about our dinning condition.