weak:→ weaker,→ weakest
angry:→ angrier→ angriest
famous: →more famous,→ most famous
quick:→ quicker →quickest
early:→ earlier →earliest
free →freer(freeer这个不常用)→ freest
calm→ calmer →calmest
wild →wilder→ wildest
serious→ more serious→ most serious
athletic→ more athletic →most athletic
necessary→ more necessary →most necessary
poor→poorer→poorest fast→faster→fastest
fast→faster→fastest
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottes
dry→drier→driest
不规则变化:
good / well→better→best
bad / ill→worse→worst
many / much→more→most
little→less→least
late→later→ / latest
late→latter→last
far→farther→farthest
far→further→furthest
easy easier easiest
lazy lazier laziest
pretty prettier prettiest
naughty naughtier naughtiest
mealy mealier mealiest
early earlier earliest
thirsty thirstier thirstiest
Dull—duller--dullest
Loud-louder--loudest
Boring—more boring—most boring
Creative—more creative—most creative
Warm---warmer--warmest
Expensive—more expensive—most expensive
high,higher,highest large,larger,largest
wet, wetter,wettest busy,busier,busiest
delicious,more delicious,most delicious
heavy,heavier,heaviest
dry,drier,driest
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。
1.原级的构成和用法
1)构成:形容词、副词的原级形式是形容词、副词的原形。
2)用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as)+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构。例如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu. This building looks not so(as) high as that one. I’ll try to earn as much as Tom.
2.比较级和最高级的构成和用法
1)比较级和最高级的构成:
①单音节形容词以及少数以er,ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”,“est”。例如:great,greater,greatest;fast,faster,fastest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;narrow,narrower,narrowest
②以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词,以及少数以ble,ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“r”,“st”。例如:large,larger,largest;able,abler,ablest;simple,simpler,simplest
③以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“er”,“est”。例如:hot,hotter,hottest;big,bigger,biggest
④以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词,要将y改为i,再加“er”,“est”。例如:easy,easier,easiest;early,earlier,earliest
⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most。例如:beautiful,more beautiful,most beautiful;carefully,more carefully,most carefully
⑥少数单音节形容词如real,glad,fond,tired,pleased等也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如:tired,more tired;most tired,pleased,more pleased,most pleased。
⑦下列形容词与副词的比较级和最高级有两种构成方法:
crueler cruelest oftener oftenest
cruel{ often{
more cruel most cruel more often most often
stricter strictest friendlier friendliest
strict{ friendly{
more strict most strict more friendly most friendly
⑧下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则:good(well),better,best;bad(ill,badly),worse,worst;many(much),more,most;little,less,least
farther farthest
far{
further furthest
old elder/older eldest/oldest
2)两种比较级(最高级)形式用法上的差别:
older oldest
old{
elder eldest
elder和eldest主要用来表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系,elder不与than连用。例如:She is the eldest of the three(sisters).(She is the eldest sister.) My elder brother is two years older than me. I am his eldest daughter(son).
farther farthest
far {
further furthest
further和furthest也是far的比较级和最高级,但现在furthest用得较少,而further除了表示距离等“较远”之外,还有“进一步”的意思。例如:No further dis-cussion is necessary.没有必要作进一步的讨论。Don’t make any changes till further notice.在另有通知之前,不要做任何变动。
later latest
late{
latter last
later指时间上的“后来;稍后”,而latter指顺序上的“后者”,与the连用。例如:See you later. Betty and Susan are both my girl friends;the former(前者)is slim(瘦)and the latter is plump(胖).
注意:latter常指一段时间的“下一半”。例如:the latter half of the month下半月。latest指时间上的“最迟的、最近的”;last指顺序上“最后的”。例如:one’s latest works某人最近的作品,the last month of the year一年的最后一个月。
A more和most的用法相当自由:
You should ride more.
你必须多骑马。
I use this room most.
这个房间我用得最多。
但当much是原级时,使用范围较小。
B much意为a lot(许多)时可修饰表示否定意思的动词:
He doesn’t ride much nowadays.
现在他不太骑马了。
在表示疑问的句子里much主要与how连用。在没有how的疑问句中可用much,但a lot更常见:
How much has he ridden?
他骑马多吗?
Has he ridden a lot/much?
他近来常骑马吗?
在肯定句中as/so/too+much是可以的。在没有as/so/too的情况下,肯定句中用a lot/a good deal/a great deal会更好:
He shouts so much that…
他叫喊的太厉害了,以至于……
I talk too much.
我说得太多了。
但是说:
He rides a lot/a great deal.
他常骑马。
C very much意为greatly(非常)时,在肯定句中使用比较广泛。
常和它一起用的词有blame(责备),praise(赞扬),thank(感谢)及一些表达感情的动词:admire(钦佩),amuse(使娱悦),approve(赞成),dislike(不喜欢),distress(使烦恼),enjoy(喜爱),impress(使有深刻印象),like(喜欢),object(反对),shock(震惊),surprise(使惊奇)等等:
Thank you very much.
非常感谢你。
They admired him very much.
他们很钦佩他。
She objects very much to the noise they make.
她非常反对他们弄出的噪音。
much(=greatly非常)可以和very连用,也可以省去very而与下列分词连用:admired(受钦佩的),amused(娱悦的),dis-liked(不受喜欢的),distressed(烦恼的), impressed(留有……印象的),liked(受喜欢的),shocked(被震惊的),struck(受巨大影响的),upset(心烦意乱的)。
He was(very) much admired.
他很受人钦佩。
She was (very) much impressed by their good manners.
他们彬彬有礼,给她留下了深深的影响。
D much意为a lot(许多)时能够修饰形容词的比较级和最高级及动词:
much better好多了
much the best最最好
much more quickly快多了
much too可与形容词的原级连用:
He spoke much too fast.
他说话说得太快了。
E most放在形容词或副词之前,有“很”的意思。主要与双音节或多音节形容词/副词连用:
He was most apologetic.
他已表示十分的歉意了。
She behaved most generously.
她的行为非常慷慨大度。