一、名词变为形容词的方法
1.在名词后面加bai-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。例如:rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky等。
注意:1)如果名词以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。如:sun—sunny, fun—funny等。
2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加-y。例如:noise—noisy, ice—icy 等。
2. 一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, beauty—beautiful等。
3. 一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。例如:China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)。
4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。例如:danger—dangerous等。
5. 在名词后加-ly变为形容词。例如:friend—friendly, love—lovely等。
6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词。例如:care—careless(粗心的),use—useless(无用的),hope—hopeless(没希望的),home—homeless(无家可归的)等。
7. 一些以-ence结尾的名词,把ence改为ent变成形容词。例如:difference—different, silence—silent等。
二、动词变为名词的方法
词形不变,词性改变。例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词,也可以用作名词。
2. 一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor等。
注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r。例如:drive—driver, write—writer等。
2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er。例如:run—runner, win—winner, begin—beginner等。
三、形容词变为副词的方法
一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如:quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等。但是,以下几点值得注意:
一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly。例如:happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily 等。
2. 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y。例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly等。
扩展资料:
常用词性变换:
1.ability (n. )能力;才能---able (a.)---unable (a..) —disability (n. ) —disabled (a.)
be able to do…= be capable of doing
2.absence (n. ) 缺席;不在 --- absent (a.) ---present (a..) – presence (n.)
be absent from; be present at
3.absolute (a.) 绝对的;完全的---absolutely (adv.)
4.abundant (a.) 丰富的;充裕的 ---abundance (n.) be abundant in
5.academic (a.) 学院的,理论的 (n.) 大学教师 --- academy (n.) 学院
6.accept (v.) 接受---acceptable (a.)可接受的 - –refuse (opp.) 拒绝
7.access (n.) 通路,入门;(v.)接近;存取 ---accessible (a.)
have access to(to为介词)可以使用;可以接触
8.accurate (a.) 正确的,精确的 --- accuracy (n.) –accurately (adv.)-- (opp.)inaccurate 不准确
9.achieve (v.) 取得,达到 --- achievement (n.)
10.acquire (v.) 获得,学到 --- acquisition (n.)
11.act (n. ) 法令,条例;(v.)表演;行动---action (n.) –active (a.) 主动的 —inactive (a.) —actively (adv.) —activity (n. ) 活动 --passive (a.) 被动的 ---actor (n.) –actress (n.)
12.actual (a.) 实际的;现实的–actually (adv.) = as a matter of fact
13.adapt (v.) 使适应;改编 ---adaptation (n.) 适应,顺应;改编,改编本
---adaptable (a.) 有适应能力的adapt oneself to 适应于; adapt…(for sth.) from sth. 改编
14.add (v.) 添加,增加;补充说- --addition (n.) ---additional (a.) –additionally (adv.)
add…to 将…(添)加到… add to 增加,加强 add up加起来 add up to共计达
in addition (to) 另外,除此之外
15.addict (n.) 成瘾的人 ---addicted (a.) –addition (n.) ---addictive (a.) 使成瘾的;上瘾的;易令人沉溺的 be addicted to (to为介词)对…上瘾
16.adjust (v.) 调整,使适应 ---adjustment (n.) --- adjustable (a.)
17.admire (v.) 钦佩,羡慕 ---admiration (n.) --- admirable (a.)
18.admit (v.) 承认,准许 ( admitted, admitted) --- admission (n.)
19.adopt (v.) 收养,采用 ---adoption (n.) --- adopted (a.)
20.advance (v.) 推进,促进;前进 (n.)前进,提升—advanced (a.) 先进的;高等的
21.advantage (n.) 有点;好处 ---disadvantage (n.)
take advantage of利用;欺骗,占…的便宜
22.adventure (n.) 冒险,奇遇 --- adventurous (a.)
23.advertise (v.) 为…做广告---advertisement (n.)
24.advise (v.) 建议,劝告----adviser (n.) 顾问,忠告者 --- advice (n.) a piece of advice
25.affect (v.) 影响 --- affection (n.) 影响,感情 = have an effect on
26.Africa (n.) 非洲 --- African (a.) (n.)
27.age (n.) 年纪 --- aged (a.)老年的 —elderly (a.)
28.agree (v.) 同意--- agreement (n.) --- disagree (opp)—disagreement (n.)
29.agriculture (n.) 农业 – agricultural (a.)
30.allow (v.) 准许,允许---allowance (n.) 允许;紧贴,补助
31.amaze (v.) 惊奇, 震惊 --- amazement (n.) ---amazed (a.) –amazed (a.)
to one’s amazement
32.ambition (n.) 抱负,雄心---ambitious (a.)
33.amuse (v.) 使…快乐 --- amusement (n.) – amused (a.) --- amusing (a.)
to one’s amusement
34.analyze (v.) 分析 --- analysis (n.)
35.anger (n.) 愤怒 --- angry (a.)
36.announce (v.) 宣布, 宣告 --- announcement (n.) --- announcer (n.)
37.annoy (v.) 使烦恼 – annoyed (a.) --- annoying (a.) --- annoyance (n.)
to one’s annoyance
38.annual (a. ) 一年一次的,每年的 (n.) 年刊 --- annually (a.)
39.anxious (a.) 忧虑的,焦急的 --- anxiety (n.)
40.apologize (v.) 道歉 --- apology (n.)
apologize to sb. for sth.; make an apology to sb. for sth.因…事向某人道歉
41.appear (v.) 出现 ---appearance (n.)外貌,外观;出现,露面
42.apply (v.) 申请 , 应用--- application (n.) 申请表 --- applicant (n.) 申请人
--- applied (a.) 应用的
43.appoint (v.) 约定,任命 – appointment (n.) -----make an appointment 约会
44.appreciate (v.) 欣赏,感激 --- appreciation (n.)
45.approve (v.) 批准,同意 --- approval (n.) approve of…赞成
(opp.) disapprove (v.) 不赞成 disapprove of…
46.argue (v.) 争辩,辩论—argument (n.)
47.arrange (v.) 安排 --- arrangement (n.)
48.arrive (v.) 到达 – arrival (n.)
49.Asia (n.) 亚洲 ---Asian (a.) (n.)
50.assess (v.) 评价,估价 --- assessment (n.)
51.assist (v.) 帮助,协助--- assistance (n.) 帮助,援助 ---assistant (n.) 助手,助理
52.associate (v.) 联系,交往--- association (n.) --- associated (a.)
53.assume (v.) 假定,采取 --- assumption (n.)
54.astonish (v.) 使惊讶 --- astonished (a.) --- astonishing (a.) – astonishment (n.)
55.astronaut (n.) 宇航员 --- astronomy (n.) 天文学 --- astronomer (天文学家)
56.athlete (n.) 运动员 --- athletic (a.) 运动员的;运动的;体格健壮的;行动敏捷的
57.attend (v.)参加,照料 -- attendance (n.)出席,参加 - -attender (n.) 出席者;参加者
58.attention (n) 注意,专心--- attentive (a) –attentively (ad v.)
59.attract (v.) 吸引 – attraction (n.) --- attractive (a.)
60.aware (a.) 知道的,明白的 --- awareness (n.) be aware of
61.bacterium (n.) 细菌 ---(pl. ) bacteria
62.bad (a.) 坏的 --- badly (adv. ) (worse, worst) --- good (a.) – well (a.) (adv.) (better, best)
63.base (n.) 基地,根据地 (v.) 以…为基地 -- basic (a.) --- basically 大体上
64.basis (n.) 基础,要素 --- (pl.) bases
65.bath (n.) 洗澡,浴室—bathe (v.) – bathroom (n.) --- bathtub (n.) 澡盆
66.bear (v.) 忍受 (bore, borne)--- bearable (a.) 可忍受的 --- unbearable (opp.) 不可忍受的
67.beat (v.) 敲打,跳动,打赢 (beat, beaten)
68.beautiful (a.) 美丽的--- beauty (n. ) --- beautify (v.)
69.behave (v.) 行为,守规矩 --- behavior (n.)
70.belief (n) 信条,信念 ---(pl.) beliefs-- believe (v.) --- believable (a.) ---(opp.) unbelievable
71.begin (v.) 开始,着手 (began, begun)--- beginning (n.)